Breed standards for dogs

Most breeds of dogs were originally selected for particular purposes, such as hunting and guarding property or livestock. This means that when humans selected which dogs to breed from, they chose those that were best suited for the various roles required of them. For example, they selected dogs for their fitness, ability and utility.

Then in the relatively recent past, dog showing emerged as a popular hobby. In order to win shows, dogs began to be selectively bred to emphasise their different physical features, such as short flat faces, folded skin, short legs or long backs. Many pedigree dogs never appear in shows, but many are bred by breeders who want to produce show-winning animals and whose surplus dogs are sold as pets. With looks coming first, the effects on health, temperament, welfare and functionality are often secondary.

High profile breeds

In 2009 the Kennel Club launched its Breed Watch scheme to identify areas of concern for individual breeds. As a result the following 14 breeds were designated as 'high profile' due to having conformational issues that needed to be addressed: 

• Bassett Hound
• Bloodhound
• Bulldog
• Chow Chow
• Clumber Spaniel
• Dog de Bordeaux
• French Bulldog
• German Shepherd Dog
• Mastiff 
• Neopolitan Mastiff
• Pekingese
• Pug
• St Bernard
• Sharpei

For the first time, at Crufts 2011, the Kennel Club introduced vet checks for the 14 high profile breeds that win Best of Breed classes. As a result six dogs failed and were unable to proceed to the championship stage.

This is a positive development for pedigree dogs, but it also serves as a reminder that the breed standards must be reviewed to place health and welfare above looks. Find out more about these 14 breeds and their health problems.

Take action

If you agree that breed standards* should be changed so that they prioritise the health, welfare and temperament over its looks, then add your name to our petition here.

* and reviewed independently by experts.