Bluetongue disease

Bluetongue disease has been spreading north through Europe in recent years. The cases that have occurred so far in the United Kingdom have not yet been classed as an outbreak. However, the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (Defra) is continuing to monitor the situation.

What is it?

Bluetongue disease is a non-contagious viral infection transmitted by a species of midge. All ruminants, such as sheep, cattle, deer and goats, are at risk, as well as giraffes and camelids (for example, camels, llamas and alpacas). It affects sheep particularly badly, while cattle and goats only appear to show minor symptoms. 

What are the symptoms?

The symptoms can vary between different species of animal. Although symptoms are generally more severe in sheep, cattle can sometimes show signs of the disease.  For a list of the clinical symptoms that may be seen in sheep and cattle, see Defra's website: www.defra.gov.uk

How serious is it?

The disease is potentially very serious; although there is a vaccine, there is currently no cure. In animals that recover from the disease, there can be longterm respiratory problems, reduced growth rate and a poor quality of life.

Can it be prevented?

The UK's weather may help to prevent the spread of the disease, as autumn frosts may kill the midges. Insects are also less likely to fly in strong winds.

The following prevention measures may help:
 

• use an insect repellent on animals and around buildings
   
• keep animals in sheds at times of day when insects are most likely to bite (dawn and dusk)
   
• within the protection zone, there is a legal requirement to restrict movement of animals to help contain the disease
   
• farmers and livestock owners should remain vigilant.

What to do if you're concerned

If you are worried about the health of your animals, you should always seek expert advice from your vet.

Bluetongue is a notifiable disease and must be reported immediately to Defra. More information about the disease and how to report it is available from Defra.

Visit: www.defra.gov.uk
Call the Defra Helpline: 08459 33 55 77
Email: helpline@defra.gsi.gov.uk

To report concerns about the health and welfare of some animals you have seen, call our 24-hour cruelty line: 0300 1234 999.